Augmented Reality (AR) can be defined as a system that incorporates three basic features: a
combination of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction. Augmented Reality is used to enhance natural environments or situations and offers perceptually enriched experiences.
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In Virtual Reality (VR), the users’ perception of reality is completely based on virtual information. In Augmented Reality (AR) the user is provided with additional computer-generated information
within the data collected from real-life that enhances their perception of reality.
For example, in architecture, VR can be used to create a walk-through simulation of the inside
of a new building. AR can be used to show a building’s structures and systems superimposed on a real-life view. AR-based solutions consist of hardware and software. Hardware components for augmented reality are a processor, display, sensors, and input devices. Modern mobile computing devices like smartphones and tablet computers contain these elements. There are two technologies used in augmented reality: diffractive waveguides and reflective waveguides. Diffractive waveguide is the conventional optical elements that are replaced by planar diffraction gratings.
Reflective waveguides also known as geometric waveguides – are notoriously trickier to
produce than refractive waveguides. The software must derive real-world coordinates, independent of camera, and camera images. That process is called image registration and uses different methods of computer vision, mostly related to video tracking.
Possible Applications of AR
Archaeology: AR has been used to aid archaeological research. By augmenting archaeological features onto the modern landscape, AR allows archaeologists to formulate possible site configurations from extant structures.
Architecture: AR can also be employed within an architect’s workspace, rendering animated 3D visualizations of their 2D drawings. Architecture sight-seeing can be enhanced with AR applications, allowing users to view a building’s exterior to virtually see through its walls, viewing its interior objects and layout.
Urban Design and Planning: AR systems are being used as collaborative tools for design and planning in the built environment. Outdoor AR promises that designs and plans can be superimposed on the real world, redefining the remit of these professions to bring in-situ design into their process.
Commerce: AR is used to integrate print and video marketing. AR can enhance product previews such as allowing a customer to view what’s inside a product’s packaging without opening it.
In 2018, Apple announced USDZ AR file support for iPhones and iPads with iOS12. Apple has
created an AR QuickLook Gallery that allows the masses to experience augmented reality on
their own Apple device. In 2018, Shopify, the Canadian e-commerce company, announced ARkit2 integration. Their merchants can use the tools to upload 3D models of their products. Users will be able to tap on the goods inside Safari to view in their real-world environments
Augmented reality experiences are typically delivered through headsets, such as Meta, ODG,
Vuzix, and HoloLens, and are showing early signs that the technology is set to transform
commercial and industrial markets.
However, there is still work to be done before these technologies can reach mainstream
adoption.